Ways to protect wood from rotting. Presepvation validity antiseptic depends on several factors, namely, conditions of service of construction, depth of penetration of preservative into the wood, the quality of his concentration solution, etc. Antiseptics are divided into two groups: water soluble (inorganic) and oily (organic). Of antiseptics are required to have the highest toxicity (Acute) with respect to wood-destroying fungi and for a long time would preserve these properties so that they are harmless to humans, not destroy metallic fasteners (bolts, nails, etc.) and the most deeply penetrated into the thick wood. By Water antiseptics include salts and some compounds that are soluble in water: first, sodium fluoride (with a concentration of 1.5-3% solution), sodium fluorosilicate in a mixture with sodium fluoride, in the proportion 1: 3 and then dinitrophenol sodium. For impregnation of underground facilities used vapor-phase phenolic resin, which is used to protect wood from direct exposure to water and other oily to antiseptics used in open underground and underwater facilities include coal creosote and anthracene oil, wood – birch – tar, resin of coniferous trees, oil shale, peat or wood creosote, etc. For the same purpose are antiseptic pastes – Bituminous ekstraktovye, silica and clay, which differ mainly cohesive framework by which an antiseptic is attached to the wood surface.
Methods presepvation different, here is spraying or coating, impregnation of the hot and cold baths, followed by firing in the impregnation bath, impregnation under pressure, and finally the diffusion impregnation of powdered antiseptics, which occurs when moisture content of wood above 40%. Recently, AI Folomin developed reliable and simple way to process composite raw wood on the scheme, which provides a high-temperature drying in organic liquids, oils and resins, and oily antiseptic impregnation of wooden structural elements. The most appropriate fluid was obtained by treatment of petroleum petrolatum lubricant oils (a mixture of paraffin and tserezita). The first process of heating and drying wood by dipping the stack (from the boards, timbers and logs), stacked in a steel cage with a thick layer of about 3 cm in an open steel or reinforced concrete tank filled with petrolatum at a temperature 120-140 . It is required to provide a way out of thick wood the greatest amount of air to a higher temperature. To this end, the initial temperature by immersing timber may be somewhat lower, depending on wood species and initial moisture content. Virtually liquid temperature is brought initially to 120 .
The heating fluid is most advisable to carry out with tubular steam register, which is located slightly above the bottom of the tank to defend it in the dirt. The second process – treatment – is quickly overwhelm stand out above the tank to the other with a heated anthracene oil temperature above 80 . Duration of exposure to the timber it is regulated by the depth of impregnation. As a result of the use of this combined method of processing raw wood exclusively on rapid drying and impregnating wood, good quality (no cracks), sufficient stability and complete sterilization of the wood. Low initial investment and low equipment cost, ease maintenance and fire-resistant is a big advantage of the proposed AI Folominym new method of drying and wood treatment to protect wood from rotting. All that installation is in production conditions with a capacity of 2000 m.k3 timber per year, excluding the cost of installing a steam boiler, estimated at about 125 – 300 rubles. 1 m.k3 wood.